ç 究宀ã§ã®ããã³ã·ã£ã«ãè§£ãæŸã€ïŒãã®ã¬ã€ãã¯ãäžçäžã®ç§åŠãç ç©¶ãç£æ¥çã§æåããããã«äžå¯æ¬ ãªãåºç€ããå¿çšãŸã§ã®å®éšã¹ãã«ãç¶²çŸ ããŠããŸãã
ç ç©¶å®€ãæ¥µããïŒå¿ é ã®å®éšã¹ãã«ãæ§ç¯ããããã®ç·åã¬ã€ã
ç 究宀ã¯ç§åŠççºèŠãšã€ãããŒã·ã§ã³ã®äžå¿ã§ããç§åŠã®éãæ©ã¿å§ããåŠçãç¥èã®éçãæŒãåºããç ç©¶è ããããã¯ç 究宀ãåºç€ãšããç£æ¥çã®å°éå®¶ã§ãã£ãŠãã確ããªå®éšã¹ãã«ã¯æåã®ããã«äžå¯æ¬ ã§ãããã®ç·åã¬ã€ãã¯ãäžçäžã®å€æ§ãªç§åŠåéã§å¿çšå¯èœãªå¿ é ã®å®éšæè¡ãæ§ç¯ãã磚ãäžããããã®ããŒãããããæäŸããŸãã
ãªãå®éšã¹ãã«ã¯éèŠãªã®ãïŒ
å®éšã¹ãã«ãžã®ç¿çã¯ãåã«ãããã³ã«ã«åŸãããšãè¶ ããŠããŸããããã¯ç§åŠçååã®ããæ·±ãçè§£ã现å¿ã®æ³šæãæã£ãæè¡ãæ¹å€çæèããããŠå®å šãžã®ã³ãããã¡ã³ããå«ã¿ãŸãããããã®ã¹ãã«ãç¿åŸããããšãäžå¯æ¬ ãªçç±ã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ãã
- åçŸæ§: ç§åŠçç¥èŠã¯ã劥åœã§ããããã«ã¯åçŸå¯èœã§ãªããã°ãªããŸãããæ£ç¢ºã§äžè²«ããå®éšæè¡ã¯ãå Žæã«é¢ãããä»ã®ç ç©¶è ãå®éšãåçŸã§ããããšãä¿èšŒããŸãã
- ããŒã¿ã®å®å šæ§: ä¿¡é Œã§ããããŒã¿ã¯ç§åŠç鲿©ã®åºç€ã§ããçç·Žããå®éšææã¯ã誀差ããã€ã¢ã¹ãæå°éã«æããå®éšçµæã®å®å šæ§ãä¿èšŒããŸãã
- å¹çæ§: å¹ççãªã©ããã¯ããã¯ã¯ãæéããªãœãŒã¹ããããŠæçµçã«ã¯è²»çšãç¯çŽããŸãããããã®ã¹ãã«ãç¿åŸããããšã§ãç ç©¶è ã¯ãã广çãã€çç£çã«å®éšãè¡ãããšãã§ããŸãã
- å®å šæ§: ç 究宀ç°å¢ã¯å±éºã䌎ãããšããããŸããé©åãªå®å šå¯Ÿçãšæèã¯ãèªèº«ãšååãæœåšçãªå±å®³ããå®ãããã«æãéèŠã§ãã
- ã€ãããŒã·ã§ã³: å®éšã¹ãã«ã®åŒ·åºãªåºç€ã¯ãæ°ããã¢ã€ãã¢ãæ¢æ±ããæ¬æ°ãªæè¡ãéçºããç§åŠã®é²æ©ã«æçŸ©æ·±ãè²¢ç®ããåãäžããŠãããŸãã
åºæ¬çãªå®éšã¹ãã«ïŒæåãžã®ç€
ãããã®åºæ¬çãªã¹ãã«ã¯ããã¹ãŠã®å®éšäœæ¥ã®åºç€ã圢æããŸããããé«åºŠãªæè¡ã«é²ãåã«ãããããç¿åŸããããšãäžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
1. ç 究宀ã®å®å šãšæŽçæŽé
å®å šæ§ã¯ã©ã®ç 究宀ã«ãããŠãæåªå äºé ã§ããå®å šãããã³ã«ãçè§£ããéµå®ããããšã¯äº€æžã®äœå°ããããŸããã
- å人çšä¿è·å · (PPE): ã©ãã³ãŒããå®å šã¡ã¬ããæè¢ãªã©ã®é©åãªPPEãåžžã«ççšããŠãã ãããåå®éšã®ç¹å®ã®PPEèŠä»¶ãçè§£ããŠãã ããã
- ååŠç©è³ªã®åãæ±ã: é©åãªã©ããªã³ã°ãä¿ç®¡ã廿£æ¹æ³ãå«ããååŠç©è³ªãå®å šã«åãæ±ãæ¹æ³ãåŠã³ãŸããããåååŠç©è³ªã®è©³çްã«ã€ããŠã¯ãååŠç©è³ªçå®å šããŒã¿ã·ãŒã (MSDS) ãåç §ããŠãã ããã
- ç·æ¥æå¯Ÿå¿æé : ç«çœå®å šãæŒæŽ©ç©ã®åŠçãå¿æ¥åŠçœ®ãªã©ãç·æ¥æå¯Ÿå¿æé ã«ç²ŸéããŠãã ãããæ¶ç«åšãæŽçŒåšãªã©ã®ç·æ¥èšåã®å Žæãææ¡ããŠãããŸãããã
- 廿£ç©åŠç: å®ãããããããã³ã«ã«åŸã£ãŠãå®éšå»æ£ç©ãé©åã«åŠçããŠãã ããã廿£ç©ã®çš®é¡ã«ãã£ãŠãç°ãªãåŠçæ¹æ³ãå¿ èŠã§ãïŒäŸïŒååŠå»æ£ç©ãçç©åŠç廿£ç©ãéå©ç©ïŒã
- æŽçæŽé : æž æœã§æŽçãããäœæ¥ã¹ããŒã¹ãç¶æããŠãã ãããããŒãããã®ã¯çŽã¡ã«çä»ãã廿£ç©ãé©åã«åŠçããå®éšå°ãæ£ããããªãããã«ä¿ã¡ãŸãããã
äŸ: ãšãŒãããã®å€ãã®ç 究宀ã§ã¯ãååŠç©è³ªã®åãæ±ããšå®å šããŒã¿ã·ãŒãã«é¢ããŠãREACHèŠåã®å³æ Œãªéµå®ãæéèŠèŠãããŠããŸããåæ§ã«ãã«ããã®ç 究宀ã§ã¯ãWHMISïŒè·å Žå±éºç©æ å ±ã·ã¹ãã ïŒã®ãã¬ãŒãã³ã°ããã°ãã°åŒ·èª¿ãããŸãã
2. åºæ¬çãªæž¬å®ãšæ©åšæäœ
æ£ç¢ºãªæž¬å®ã¯ãä¿¡é Œã§ããããŒã¿ãåŸãããã«äžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
- 倩秀ã®äœ¿çš: ååŠç©è³ªãæ£ç¢ºã«ç§€éããããã«ãåæå€©ç§€ãæ£ãã䜿çšããæ¹æ³ãåŠã³ãŸãããã宿çã«å€©ç§€ãæ ¡æ£ããé©åãªç§€éæè¡ã䜿çšããŠãã ããã
- äœç©æž¬å®: æ£ç¢ºãªæ¶²äœæž¬å®ã®ããã«ãããããããã¥ã¬ãããã¡ã¹ãã©ã¹ã³ã®äœ¿çšãç¿åŸããŠãã ãããç°ãªãçš®é¡ã®ããããïŒäŸïŒã¡ã¹ãããããããŒã«ããããããã€ã¯ãããããïŒãšãã®é©åãªçšéãçè§£ããŠãã ããã
- pH枬å®: pHã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã䜿çšããŠæº¶æ¶²ã®é žæ§åºŠãŸãã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªåºŠã枬å®ããæ¹æ³ãåŠã³ãŸããããæšæºç·©è¡æ¶²ã䜿çšããŠå®æçã«pHã¡ãŒã¿ãŒãæ ¡æ£ããŠãã ããã
- 枩床枬å®: 枩床èšã枩床ãããŒãã䜿çšããŠæž©åºŠãæ£ç¢ºã«æž¬å®ããæ¹æ³ãçè§£ããŠãã ããã
3. 溶液調補
æº¶æ¶²ãæ£ç¢ºã«èª¿è£œããããšã¯ãå€ãã®å®éšæé ã®åºæ¬ã§ãã
- æ¿åºŠã®èšç®: ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã質éã¢ã«æ¿åºŠãããŒã»ã³ã溶液ãåžéã®èšç®æ¹æ³ãåŠã³ãŸãããã
- åºäœã®ç§€éãšæº¶è§£: åºäœãæ£ç¢ºã«ç§€éããé©åãªæº¶åªã«æº¶è§£ãããŸãããã°ããã£ãã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒã©ãŒã䜿çšããŠå®å šãªæº¶è§£ã確å®ã«ããŸãã
- 溶液ã®åžé: é©åãªäœç©æž¬å®çšã¬ã©ã¹åšå ·ã䜿çšããŠãã¹ããã¯æº¶æ¶²ãç®çã®æ¿åºŠã«æ£ããåžéããŸãã
- æ» è: ç¡è溶液ã調補ããããã«ãããŸããŸãªæ» èæ¹æ³ïŒäŸïŒãªãŒãã¯ã¬ãŒãããéæ» èïŒãçè§£ããŠãã ããã
äŸ: ãªãœãŒã¹ãéãããç°å¢ã§ã¯ã溶液調補ã®ããã«ã¬ã©ã¹åšå ·ã现å¿ã®æ³šæãæã£ãп޿µããåå©çšããããšããã°ãã°å¿ èŠãšãªããŸãããªãŒãã¯ã¬ãŒããæšæºã§ããããªãŒãã¯ã¬ãŒããå©çšã§ããªãå Žæã§ã¯ãç ®æ²žãªã©ã®ä»£æ¿æ¹æ³ãæ» èã«äœ¿çšããããšãã§ããŸãã
4. ææžåãšèšé²ç®¡ç
æ£ç¢ºã§è©³çްãªèšé²ãç¶æããããšã¯ãç§åŠçãªå®å šæ§ãšåçŸæ§ã®ããã«äžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
- å®éšããŒã: ãã¹ãŠã®å®éšæé ã芳å¯çµæãããŒã¿ãèšé²ããããã«ãç¶Žã蟌ã¿åŒã®å®éšããŒãã䜿çšããŠãã ãããæç¢ºãã€ç°¡æœã«æžããåãšã³ããªã«æ¥ä»ãèšå ¥ããŠãã ããã
- ããŒã¿ç®¡ç: ããŒã¿ãæç¢ºã§è«ççãªæ¹æ³ã§æŽçããŠãã ãããã¹ãã¬ããã·ãŒããå°éãœãããŠã§ã¢ã䜿çšããŠããŒã¿ã管çã»åæããŸãã
- æšæºäœæ¥æé æž (SOPs): ãã¹ãŠã®å®éšæé ã«ã€ããŠã確ç«ãããSOPã«åŸã£ãŠãã ãããSOPã¯äžè²«æ§ãšåçŸæ§ãä¿èšŒããŸãã
é«åºŠãªå®éšã¹ãã«ïŒå°éç¥èã®æ¡å€§
åºæ¬çãªã¹ãã«ãç¿åŸããããèªåã®ç ç©¶åéã«ç¹åããããé«åºŠãªæè¡ãæ¢æ±ãå§ããããšãã§ããŸãããããã®æè¡ã¯ãç§åŠçååã®ããæ·±ãçè§£ãšçްå¿ã®å®è¡ãå¿ èŠãšããŸãã
1. 现èå¹é€æè¡
现èå¹é€ã¯ãçç©åŠããã³çç©å»åŠç ç©¶ã®å€ãã®åéã«ãããåºæ¬çãªæè¡ã§ãã
- ç¡èæäœ: 现èãæ±ãéã¯ãã³ã³ã¿ãããŒã·ã§ã³ãé²ãããã«ç¡èç°å¢ãç¶æããŠãã ãããã©ãããŒãããŒããŒãã䜿çšãã䜿çšåã«ãã¹ãŠã®ææãæ» èããŸãã
- çŽ°èæ ªã®ç¶æ: ç¶ä»£ãåçµãèè§£ãªã©ãçŽ°èæ ªãé©åã«ç¶æããæ¹æ³ãåŠã³ãŸãããã
- çŽ°èæ°èšæž¬ãšçåçã¢ãã»ã€: ããªãã³ãã«ãŒæé€æ³ãªã©ã®æè¡ãçšããŠã现èãæ£ç¢ºã«æ°ãããã®çåçãè©äŸ¡ããŸãã
- ãã©ã³ã¹ãã§ã¯ã·ã§ã³: ãã©ã³ã¹ãã§ã¯ã·ã§ã³æ³ãçšããŠã倿¥ã®DNAãRNAã现èã«å°å ¥ããŸãã
äŸ: æ¥æ¬ã®ç ç©¶è ã¯ãiPS现èïŒäººå·¥å€èœæ§å¹¹çްèïŒæè¡ã®æåç·ã«ãããååããã®åŸã®å¿çšã®ããã«é«åºŠã«å°éåããã现èå¹é€ã¹ãã«ãèŠæ±ãããŸãã
2. ååçç©åŠæè¡
ååçç©åŠæè¡ã¯ãéºäŒåãã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªããã®ä»ã®çäœååãç ç©¶ããããã«äžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
- DNAæœåº: é©åãªæœåºæ¹æ³ãçšããŠãããŸããŸãªãœãŒã¹ããDNAãåé¢ããŸãã
- ããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒé£éåå¿ (PCR): PCRãçšããŠç¹å®ã®DNAé åãå¢å¹ ããŸããç°ãªããã©ã€ããŒã»ãããã¿ãŒã²ããé åã«å¯ŸããŠPCRæ¡ä»¶ãæé©åããŸãã
- ã²ã«é»æ°æ³³å: ã²ã«é»æ°æ³³åãçšããŠããµã€ãºã«åºã¥ããŠDNAãŸãã¯ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªæçãåé¢ããŸãã
- DNAã·ãŒã±ã³ã·ã³ã°: ã·ãŒã±ã³ã·ã³ã°æè¡ãçšããŠãDNAæçã®ãã¯ã¬ãªããé åãæ±ºå®ããŸãã
- ã¯ããŒãã³ã°: å¢å¹ ãšçºçŸã®ããã«ãDNAæçããã¯ã¿ãŒã«æ¿å ¥ããŸãã
äŸ: ååçç©åŠæè¡ã«å€§ããäŸåããCRISPR-Cas9éºäŒåç·šéæè¡ã®éçºã¯ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ãäžåœãªã©ã®åœã ã®ç ç©¶ãé©åœçã«å€ããæ°ããæ²»çæŠç¥ã«ã€ãªãã£ãŠããŸãã
3. ã¯ãããã°ã©ãã£ãŒæè¡
ã¯ãããã°ã©ãã£ãŒã¯ãè€éãªæ··åç©ãåé¢ã»åæããããã®åŒ·åãªæè¡ã§ãã
- èå±€ã¯ãããã°ã©ãã£ãŒ (TLC): TLCãçšããŠã極æ§ã«åºã¥ããŠååç©ãåé¢ããŸãã
- ã«ã©ã ã¯ãããã°ã©ãã£ãŒ: åºå®çžãè©°ããã«ã©ã ãçšããŠååç©ãåé¢ããŸãã
- é«éæ¶²äœã¯ãããã°ã©ãã£ãŒ (HPLC): HPLCãçšããŠãæ··åç©äžã®æåãåé¢ãåå®ãå®éããŸãã
- ã¬ã¹ã¯ãããã°ã©ãã£ãŒ (GC): GCãçšããŠæ®çºæ§ååç©ãåé¢ããŸãã
äŸ: ãã©ã³ã¹ãä»ã®ã¯ã€ã³çç£å°åã®ã¯ã€ã³ç£æ¥ã¯ãã¯ã€ã³ã®éŠãã颚å³ã«å¯äžããæ®çºæ§ååç©ãåæããããã«ãGC-MSïŒã¬ã¹ã¯ãããã°ã©ãã£ãŒè³ªéåææ³ïŒã«å€§ããäŸåããŠããŸãã
4. åå åææè¡
åå æ³ã¯ãé»ç£æŸå°ãšç©è³ªãšã®çžäºäœçšãå©çšããŠãç©è³ªã®ç¹æ§ãç ç©¶ããæè¡ã§ãã
- 玫å€å¯èŠåå æ³ (UV-Vis): ç©è³ªã«ãã玫å€ç·ããã³å¯èŠå ã®åžåãšééãæž¬å®ããŸãã
- èµ€å€åå æ³ (IR): èµ€å€ç·ã®åžåãæž¬å®ããããšã«ãããååå ã®å®èœåºãåå®ããŸãã
- 質éåææ³ (MS): ã€ãªã³ã®è³ªéé»è·æ¯ã決å®ããŠãååãåå®ããã³å®éããŸãã
- æ žç£æ°å ±é³Ž (NMR) åå æ³: NMRãçšããŠååã®æ§é ãšåæ ãç ç©¶ããŸãã
äŸ: äžçäžã®è£œè¬äŒç€Ÿã¯ãåµè¬ãéçºãå質管çã®ããã«åå åææè¡ãåºç¯å²ã«äœ¿çšããŠããŸãã
5. é¡åŸ®é¡æ³
é¡åŸ®é¡æ³ã¯ããµã³ãã«ã埮èŠçã¬ãã«ã§å¯èŠåããèçŒã§ã¯èŠããªã詳现ãæããã«ããŸãã
- æèŠéé¡åŸ®é¡: å¯èŠå ãçšããŠãµã³ãã«ãç §ããåºæ¬çãªé¡åŸ®é¡æ³ã§ãã
- äœçžå·®é¡åŸ®é¡: æè²ããã«éæãªãµã³ãã«ã®ã³ã³ãã©ã¹ããé«ããŸãã
- èå é¡åŸ®é¡: èå è²çŽ ã䜿çšããŠãµã³ãã«å ã®ç¹å®ã®æ§é ãæšèããŸãã
- é»åé¡åŸ®é¡: é»åããŒã ã䜿çšããŠãéåžžã«é«è§£å床ã§ãµã³ãã«ãç»ååããŸããèµ°æ»åé»åé¡åŸ®é¡ (SEM) ã¯è¡šé¢ã®è©³çްããééåé»åé¡åŸ®é¡ (TEM) ã¯å éšã®è©³çްãæäŸããŸãã
äŸ: äžçäžã§ææçãç ç©¶ããŠããç ç©¶è ãã¡ã¯ãå ±çŠç¹é¡åŸ®é¡ã®ãããªé«åºŠãªé¡åŸ®é¡æè¡ãå©çšããŠãç åäœãšå®¿äž»çްèã®çžäºäœçšãå¯èŠåããŠããŸãã
å®éšã¹ãã«ãæ§ç¯ããåäžãããããã®ãã³ã
- 宿çã«ç·Žç¿ãã: ç·Žç¿ããã°ããã»ã©ãç緎床ãå¢ããŸããããšãæ¯æ¥æ°åã§ããã©ããã¯ããã¯ã®ç·Žç¿ã«æéãå²ããŸãããã
- æå°ãæ±ãã: çµéšè±å¯ãªç ç©¶è ãå®éšæè¡è ã«å©ããæ±ããããšãæããªãã§ãã ããã圌ãã¯è²Žéãªç¥èŠãšæå°ãæäŸããŠãããŸãã
- ã¯ãŒã¯ã·ã§ãããç ä¿®ã»ãã·ã§ã³ã«åå ãã: æå±æ©é¢ãå°éçµç¹ãæäŸããã¯ãŒã¯ã·ã§ãããç ä¿®ã»ãã·ã§ã³ã掻çšããŸãããã
- ç§åŠæç®ãèªã: ç§åŠéèªãåºçç©ãèªãã§ãèªåã®åéã®ææ°ã®é²æ©ã«åžžã«ç²ŸéããŠãããŸãããã
- ãã¹ãŠãææžåãã: å®éšæé ã芳å¯çµæãããŒã¿ãå®éšããŒãã«çްå¿ã®æ³šæãæã£ãŠææžåããŠãã ããã
- å¿è匷ããç²ã匷ãããããš: æ°ããã©ãã¹ãã«ãåŠã¶ã«ã¯æéãšåªåãå¿ èŠã§ããããã«çµæãåºãªããŠãèœèããªãã§ãã ããã
- ææŠãåãå ¥ãã: ææŠãåŠã³æé·ããæ©äŒãšæããŸããããå®éšããæ°ããã¢ãããŒãã詊ãããšãæããªãã§ãã ããã
- æé·ãã€ã³ãã»ãããç¶æãã: åŠã³ãæ¹åããèªåã®èœåãä¿¡ããŠãã ãããååããªå§¿å¢ã¯å€§ããªéããçãããšããããŸãã
å®éšã¹ãã«ã®æªæ¥
å®éšç§åŠã®ç¶æ³ã¯çµ¶ããé²åããŠããŸããæ°ããæè¡ããã¯ããã¯ãåäŸã®ãªãããŒã¹ã§åºçŸããŠããŸããæä»£ã®å ãè¡ãããã«ã¯ãçæ¶¯åŠç¿ãåãå ¥ããæ°ããªææŠã«é©å¿ããããšãäžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
èªååãšãããã£ã¯ã¹: èªååãšãããã£ã¯ã¹ã¯ç 究宀ã§ãŸããŸãæ®åããŠãããå埩çãªã¿ã¹ã¯ãèªååããã¹ã«ãŒããããåäžãããŠããŸãããããã®æè¡ã«ç²Ÿéããèªååã·ã¹ãã ã®æäœãšç¶ææ¹æ³ãåŠã³ãŸãããã
ããŒã¿ãµã€ãšã³ã¹ãšãã€ãªã€ã³ãã©ããã£ã¯ã¹: ç 究宀ã§çæãããããŒã¿éã¯ææ°é¢æ°çã«å¢å ããŠããŸããããŒã¿ãµã€ãšã³ã¹ãšãã€ãªã€ã³ãã©ããã£ã¯ã¹ã®ã¹ãã«ã¯ãè€éãªããŒã¿ã»ãããåæã»è§£éããããã«ãŸããŸãéèŠã«ãªã£ãŠããŸããçµ±èšãœãããŠã§ã¢ãããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã䜿çšããŠããŒã¿ãåæããææçŸ©ãªæŽå¯ãæœåºããæ¹æ³ãåŠã³ãŸãããã
ãã€ã¯ãæµäœååŠãšã©ããªã³ãããæè¡: ãã€ã¯ãæµäœååŠãšã©ããªã³ãããæè¡ã¯ãå®éšæé ã®å°ååãšèªååãå¯èœã«ããç§åŠã®å€ãã®åéãé©åœçã«å€ããŠããŸãããããã®æè¡ãæ¢æ±ãããã€ã¯ãæµäœããã€ã¹ã®èšèšã»è£œäœæ¹æ³ãåŠã³ãŸãããã
人工ç¥èœ (AI) ãšæ©æ¢°åŠç¿ (ML): AIãšMLã¯ãç§ãã¡ãç ç©¶ãè¡ãæ¹æ³ãå€é©ããŠãããå€§èŠæš¡ãªããŒã¿ã»ãããåæããå®éšçµæãäºæž¬ããçºèŠã®ããŒã¹ãå éãããããšãå¯èœã«ããŠããŸããAIãšMLããŒã«ã䜿çšããŠç ç©¶ã匷åããæ¹æ³ãåŠã³ãŸãããã
çµè«
確ããªå®éšã¹ãã«ãæ§ç¯ããããšã¯ãç®èº«ãç·Žç¿ããããŠç涯åŠç¿ãžã®ã³ãããã¡ã³ããå¿ èŠãšããç¶ç¶çãªããã»ã¹ã§ããåºæ¬çãªã¹ãã«ãç¿åŸããé«åºŠãªæè¡ãæ¢æ±ããæ°ããæè¡ãåãå ¥ããããšã§ãç 究宀ã§ã®æœåšèœåãæå€§éã«åŒãåºããäžçèŠæš¡ã§ç§åŠã®é²æ©ã«æçŸ©æ·±ãè²¢ç®ããããšãã§ããŸããå®å šãæåªå ããæ£ç¢ºãªèšé²ãç¶æããåŠã³ç¶ããããšãå¿ããªãã§ãã ããã